Mar 06 2007
The Jesus Family Tomb: Is It The Family of Jesus the Christ?
People have been asking my opinion, so I thought I’d throw it out there in blog format, instead of just strewn about in a bunch of comments across a variety of blogs.
For those who managed to avoid it (consider yourselves lucky), the Discovery channel aired something last Sunday called “The Lost Tomb of Jesus” which asserted that the family tomb of Jesus had been found, and it shows that Jesus was married to Mary Magdelene and had a son named Judah. In the ramp up, there was a lot of noise in the Christian blogosphere about it. I was expecting to be unimpressed by the presentation, but after watching it, I began to wonder if this was really it.
But, let’s take a look at the actual evidence that was presented.
- There was a tomb found with ten “bone boxes”, or ossuaries. Six of them contain inscriptions, which are:
- Jesus, Son of Joseph
- Mary
- “Jose” (a diminuative of Joseph — Joey?)
- “Mariamne e Mara” (we’ll get into this later)
- Matthew
- Judas, Son of Jesus
- They tested mitochondrial DNA found in the “Miaramne e Mara” and “Jesus, Son of Joseph” ossuaries, and it was determined they weren’t related through a matrilieal line.
- One ossuary was missing from the tomb, which they asserted was the James ossuary. This is probably false, but since the thing is probably a fake, it’s the last I’ll address this issue.
The hypothesis presented by the documentary is: “The ‘Jesus, Son of Joseph’ ossuary is Jesus of Nazereth, the Christ of Christianity”. Now, the only direct evidence we could have for this would be based on association with real things connected to Jesus the Christ. Unfortunately, we don’t have anything like that. So we don’t have a way to prove this directly.
What we can ask is if this tomb corresponds to what is documented about Jesus the Christ. Specifically, we know from Matthew 13:55f that Jesus grew up in a family consisting of the parents Mary and Joseph, and brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas, and some sisters (not named, in normally sexist style).
Assuming that the lack of sisters, James, Simon, and Judas, only having one Joseph, and the presence of Matthew and a son of Jesus named Judah are not treated as falsifying evidence for this hypothesis (which they are), we find out that this profile matches 0.067% of first century Palestinian men (search for 67 here for the math). Assuming there was only 10,000 such men buried in first century Palestine, we’d expect to find 6 to 7 matches. So finding one isn’t a shock.
And the fact that we have all this falsifying evidence — all this evidence that doesn’t match with the documentation on Jesus — means that we’ve found one of the wrong 6 or 7.
Now, the “Mariamne e Mara” ossuary. First of all, it’s not Mary Magdelene. So just stop even considering it. And it’s not “Mariamne called the Master” (where “the Master” is to be construed as a religious title), it’s “Mariamne and Martha”, which probably means that it’s both a mother and child. And the DNA evidence that says Mariamne isn’t maternally related to Jesus doesn’t prove they’re married: Mariamne could be the daughter or aunt (father’s sister) of the person in the Jesus ossuary.
So, at the end of the day, I guess I’m not impressed. But I am fascinating to watch the mess at the blogs for Ben Witherington and James Tabor. Witherington is a foremost New Testament scholar, and James Tabor is the archaeological consult behind this thing. These are two are deeply vested in what’s going on, and they’re both very intelligent, and it’s impressive to watch them go at it.
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